Chemists and Materials Scientists

Career, Salary and Education Information

What They Do: Chemists and materials scientists study substances at the atomic and molecular levels and analyze the ways in which the substances interact with one another.

Work Environment: Chemists and materials scientists work in laboratories and offices. They typically work full time and keep regular hours.

How to Become One: Chemists and materials scientists need at least a bachelor's degree in chemistry or a related field. However, a master’s degree or Ph.D. is needed for many research jobs.

Salary: The median annual wage for chemists is $79,430. The median annual wage for materials scientists is $100,090.

Job Outlook: Overall employment of chemists and materials scientists is projected to grow 6 percent over the next ten years, about as fast as the average for all occupations.

Related Careers: Compare the job duties, education, job growth, and pay of chemists and materials scientists with similar occupations.

Following is everything you need to know about a career as a chemist or materials scientist with lots of details. As a first step, take a look at some of the following jobs, which are real jobs with real employers. You will be able to see the very real job career requirements for employers who are actively hiring. The link will open in a new tab so that you can come back to this page to continue reading about the career:

Top 3 Chemist Jobs

Chemist ( Hybrid ) - Micor Company Inc. - Milwaukee, WI
TECHNICAL CHEMIST /DIRECTOR * Provide technical assistance in support of the manufacturing of high solids epoxy, urethane and vinyl ester coating and grouts. * Formulate new products to meet market ...
Analytical Chemist - Midwest Compliance Laboratories - Terre Haute, IN
Analytical Chemist Job Description: Perform Chemical, Analysis on a variety of sample types (pharmaceutical intermediates and finished goods, raw materials, food additives, etc.) using the latest in ...
Senior Research & Development Chemist - AMSOIL INC. - Superior, WI
AMSOIL INC. is currently hiring a Senior Research & Development Chemist ! This role is a lead technical contributor on the AMSOIL Chemistry Team, reporting to the Chemical Laboratory Director. They ...

See all Chemist jobs

Top 3 Materials Scientist Jobs

Project Coordinator - Syntegon - New Richmond, WI
... materials forecast tracking Must have at least 3 years of experience developing schedules and ... Weitere Informationen Syntegon Technology is a proud supporter of STEM ( Science , Technology ...
Physician Academic/Faculty/Research - Competitive Salary - UC Davis Health - Sacramento, CA
Clinical and administrative responsibilities will include medical, technical, and scientific ... Documents/ materials must be submitted as PDF files and must include: (1) Curriculum Vitae; (2) ...
Travel Nuclear Medicine Technologist - $3,174 per week - TalentBurst, Inc - Concord, MA
Associate or Bachelor's degree in science or certificate degree in Nuclear Medicine from an ... Job Functions: 1. Prepares stock solutions of radiopharmaceutical materials and adjunctive ...

See all Materials Scientist jobs

What Chemists and Materials Scientists Do[About this section] [To Top]

Chemists and materials scientists study substances at the atomic and molecular levels and analyze the ways in which the substances interact with one another. They use their knowledge to develop new and improved products and to test the quality of manufactured goods.

Duties of Chemists and Materials Scientists

Chemists and materials scientists typically do the following:

Plan and carry out complex research projects, such as the development of new products and testing methods
Instruct scientists and technicians on proper chemical processing and testing procedures, including ingredients, mixing times, and operating temperatures
Prepare solutions, compounds, and reagents used in laboratory procedures
Analyze substances to determine their composition and concentration of elements
Conduct tests on materials and other substances to ensure that safety and quality standards are met
Write technical reports that detail methods and findings
Present research findings to scientists, engineers, and other colleagues

Some chemists and materials scientists work in basic research. Others work in applied research. In basic research, chemists investigate the properties, composition, and structure of matter. They also experiment with combinations of elements and the ways in which they interact. In applied research, chemists investigate possible new products and ways to improve existing ones. Chemistry research has led to the discovery and development of new and improved drugs, plastics, fertilizers, flavors, batteries, and cleaners, as well as thousands of other products.

Materials scientists study the structures and chemical properties of various materials to develop new products or enhance existing ones. They determine ways to strengthen or combine existing materials, or develop new materials for use in a variety of products. Applications of materials science include inventing or improving ceramics, plastics/polymers, metallic alloys, and superconducting materials.

Chemists and materials scientists use computers and a wide variety of sophisticated laboratory instrumentation for modeling, simulation, and experimental analysis. For example, some chemists use three-dimensional computer modeling software to study the structure and properties of complex molecules.

If a chemist specializes in green chemistry, he or she will design chemical processes and products that are environmentally sustainable. Green chemistry processes minimize the creation of toxins and waste.

Most chemists and materials scientists work as part of a team. The number of scientific research projects that involve multiple disciplines is increasing, and it is common for chemists and materials scientists to work on teams with other scientists, such as biologists, physicists, computer specialists, and engineers. For example, in pharmaceutical research, chemists may work with biologists to develop new drugs and with engineers to design ways to mass-produce the new drugs. For more information, see the profiles on biochemists and biophysicists, microbiologists, zoologists and wildlife biologists, physicists and astronomers, computer and information technology occupations, and engineering occupations.

Because chemists and materials scientists typically work on research teams, they need to be able to work well with others toward a common goal. Many serve in a leadership capacity and need to be able to motivate and direct other team members.

Chemists often specialize in a particular branch of the field. The following are examples of types of chemists:

Analytical chemists determine the structure, composition, and nature of substances by examining and identifying their various elements or compounds. They also study the relationships and interactions among the parts of compounds. Some analytical chemists specialize in developing new methods of analysis and new techniques for carrying out their work. Their research has a wide range of applications, including food safety, pharmaceuticals, and pollution control.

Forensic chemists analyze evidence for clues to help solve crimes. These chemists aid in criminal investigations by testing evidence, such as DNA, and interpreting their findings. Not only is human DNA evidence tested; DNA evidence can be used to exonerate animals suspected of having killed people or other animals. These chemists work primarily in laboratories, though they sometimes testify in court.

Inorganic chemists study the structure, properties, and reactions of molecules that do not contain carbon, such as metals. They work to understand the behavior and the characteristics of inorganic substances. Inorganic chemists figure out how these materials, such as ceramics and superconductors, can be modified, separated, or used in products.

Medicinal chemists research and develop chemical compounds that can be used as pharmaceutical drugs. They work on teams with other scientists and engineers to create and test new drug products. They also help develop new and improved manufacturing processes to effectively produce new drugs on a large scale.

Organic chemists study the structure, properties, and reactions of molecules that contain carbon. They also design and make new organic substances that have unique properties and applications. These compounds, in turn, have been used to develop many commercial products, such as pharmaceutical drugs and plastics.

Physical chemists study the fundamental characteristics of how matter behaves on a molecular and atomic level and how chemical reactions occur. From their analyses, physical chemists may develop new theories, such as how complex structures are formed. Physical chemists often work closely with materials scientists, to research and develop potential uses for new materials.

Theoretical chemists investigate theoretical methods that can predict the outcomes of chemical experiments. Theoretical chemistry encompasses a variety of specializations, although most specializations incorporate advanced computation and programming. Some examples of theoretical chemists are computational chemists, mathematical chemists, and chemical informaticians.

Materials scientists tend to specialize by the material they work with most often. A few examples of materials in which these scientists specialize are ceramics, glasses, metals, nanomaterials (extremely small substances), polymers, and semiconductors.

A growing number of chemists work in interdisciplinary fields, such as biochemistry and geochemistry. For more information, see the profiles on biochemists and biophysicists and geoscientists.

Many people with a chemistry background become postsecondary teachers or high school teachers.

Work Environment for Chemists and Materials Scientists[About this section] [To Top]

Chemists hold about 83,600 jobs. The largest employers of chemists are as follows:

Chemical manufacturing	33%
Research and development in the physical, engineering, and life sciences	17%
Testing laboratories	9%
Federal government, excluding postal service	7%
Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services	4%

Materials scientists hold about 7,000 jobs. The largest employers of materials scientists are as follows:

Research and development in the physical, engineering, and life sciences	28%
Architectural, engineering, and related services	16%
Chemical manufacturing	8%
Computer and electronic product manufacturing	8%
Management of companies and enterprises	5%

Chemists and materials scientists typically work in laboratories and offices, where they conduct experiments and analyze their results. In addition to working in laboratories, materials scientists work with engineers and processing specialists in industrial manufacturing facilities. Some chemists also work in these facilities and usually are responsible for monitoring the environmental conditions at the plant.

Chemists and materials scientists who work for manufacturing companies may have to travel occasionally, especially if their company has multiple facilities. Others may work outdoors to collect samples and conduct onsite analysis of air, soil, or water.

Injuries and Illnesses for Chemists and Materials Scientists

Chemists and materials scientists may be exposed to health or safety hazards when handling certain chemicals, but there is little risk if they follow proper procedures, such as wearing protective clothing when handling hazardous chemicals.

Chemist and Materials Scientist Work Schedules

Chemists and materials scientists typically work full time and keep regular hours. Occasionally, they may have to work additional hours to meet project deadlines or perform time-sensitive laboratory experiments during off-hours.

How to Become a Chemist or Materials Scientist[About this section] [To Top]

Get the education you need: Find schools for Chemists and Materials Scientists near you!

Chemists and materials scientists need at least a bachelor's degree in chemistry or a related field. However, a master's degree or Ph.D. is required for many research jobs.

Education for Chemists and Materials Scientists

A bachelor's degree in chemistry or a related field is needed for entry-level chemist or materials scientist jobs. Research jobs require a master's degree or a Ph.D. and also may require significant levels of work experience. Chemists and materials scientists with a Ph.D. and postdoctoral experience typically lead basic- or applied-research teams. Combined programs, which offer an accelerated bachelor's and master's degree in chemistry, also are available.

Many colleges and universities offer degree programs in chemistry that are approved by the American Chemical Society. Some colleges offer materials science as a specialization within their chemistry programs, and some engineering schools offer degrees in the joint field of materials science and engineering. High school students can prepare for college coursework by taking chemistry, math, and computer science classes.

Undergraduate chemistry majors typically are required to take courses in analytical, organic, inorganic, and physical chemistry. In addition, they take classes in math, biological sciences, and physics. Computer science courses are essential because chemists and materials scientists need computer skills to perform modeling and simulation tasks, manage and manipulate databases, and operate computerized laboratory equipment.

Laboratory experience through internships, fellowships, or work–study programs in industry is also useful. Some universities offer cooperative programs in which students gain work experience while pursuing a degree.

Graduate students studying chemistry commonly specialize in a subfield, such as analytical chemistry or inorganic chemistry. For example, those interested in doing research in the pharmaceutical industry usually develop a strong background in medicinal or organic chemistry.

Important Qualities for Chemists and Materials Scientists

Analytical skills. Chemists and materials scientists carry out scientific experiments and studies. They must be precise and accurate in their analyses because errors could invalidate their research.

Communication skills. Chemists and materials scientists need to communicate clearly with team members and other scientists. They must read and write technical reports and give presentations.

Interpersonal skills. Chemists and materials scientists typically work on interdisciplinary research teams and need to work well with others toward a common goal. Many serve as team leaders and must motivate and direct other team members.

Math skills. Chemists and materials scientists regularly use complex mathematical equations and formulas, and they need a broad understanding of math, including calculus, algebra, and statistics.

Organizational skills. Chemists and materials scientists need to document processes carefully in order to conform to regulations and industry procedures. Disorganization in the workplace can lead to legal problems, damage to equipment, and chemical spills.

Perseverance. Scientific research involves substantial trial and error, and chemists and materials scientists must not become discouraged in their work.

Problem-solving skills. Chemists and materials scientists research and develop new and improved chemical products, processes, and materials. This work requires a great deal of trial and error on the part of chemists and materials scientists before a unique solution is found.

Time-management skills. Chemists and materials scientists usually need to meet deadlines when conducting research. They must be able to manage time and prioritize tasks efficiently while maintaining their quality of work.

Advancement for Chemists and Materials Scientists

Chemists typically receive greater responsibility and independence in their work as they gain experience. Greater responsibility also is gained through further education. Ph.D. chemists usually lead research teams and have control over the direction and content of projects, but even Ph.D. holders have room to advance as they gain experience. As chemists become more proficient in managing research projects, they may take on larger, more complicated, and more expensive projects.

Some chemists and materials scientists become natural sciences managers.

Chemist and Materials Scientist Salaries[About this section] [More salary/earnings info] [To Top]

Salary Calculator

Job Title

State

Experience Level
Entry Level Experienced

The median annual wage for chemists is $79,430. The median wage is the wage at which half the workers in an occupation earned more than that amount and half earned less. The lowest 10 percent earned less than $48,100, and the highest 10 percent earned more than $134,780.

The median annual wage for materials scientists is $100,090. The lowest 10 percent earned less than $56,380, and the highest 10 percent earned more than $162,950.

The median annual wages for chemists in the top industries in which they work are as follows:

Federal government, excluding postal service	$117,850
Research and development in the physical, engineering, and life sciences	$101,180
Chemical manufacturing	$77,740
Testing laboratories	$61,190
Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services	$54,160

The median annual wages for materials scientists in the top industries in which they work are as follows:

Computer and electronic product manufacturing	$130,050
Management of companies and enterprises	$106,250
Research and development in the physical, engineering, and life sciences	$101,990
Chemical manufacturing	$101,400
Architectural, engineering, and related services	$82,680

Chemists and materials scientists typically work full time and keep regular hours.

Job Outlook for Chemists and Materials Scientists[About this section] [To Top]

Overall employment of chemists and materials scientists is projected to grow 6 percent over the next ten years, about as fast as the average for all occupations.

About 8,200 openings for chemists and materials scientists are projected each year, on average, over the decade. Many of those openings are expected to result from the need to replace workers who transfer to different occupations or exit the labor force, such as to retire.

Employment of Chemists and Materials Scientists

In pharmaceutical and medicine manufacturing, chemists will be needed to develop nanotechnology for medicinal uses. And in chemical manufacturing, these workers will be needed for improving environmental safety in the workplace and community.

Materials scientists will be needed to develop cheaper, safer, and better quality materials for a variety of uses, such as in electronics, energy, and transportation.

Employment projections data for Chemists and Materials Scientists, 2021-31
Occupational Title	Employment, 2021	Projected Employment, 2031	Change, 2021-31
Occupational Title	Employment, 2021	Projected Employment, 2031	Percent	Numeric
Chemists and materials scientists	90,600	96,300	6	5,700
Materials scientists	7,000	7,400	6	400
Chemists	83,600	88,900	6	5,300

Careers Related to Chemists and Materials Scientists[About this section] [To Top]

Biochemists and Biophysicists

Biochemists and biophysicists study the chemical and physical principles of living things and of biological processes, such as cell development, growth, heredity, and disease.

Chemical Engineers

Chemical engineers apply the principles of chemistry, biology, physics, and math to solve problems that involve the production or use of chemicals, fuel, drugs, food, and many other products. They design processes and equipment for large-scale manufacturing, plan and test production methods and byproducts treatment, and direct facility operations.

Chemical Technicians

Chemical technicians use special instruments and techniques to help chemists and chemical engineers research, develop, produce, and test chemical products and processes.

Environmental Scientists and Specialists

Environmental scientists and specialists use their knowledge of the natural sciences to protect the environment and human health. They may clean up polluted areas, advise policymakers, or work with industry to reduce waste.

Forensic Science Technicians

Forensic science technicians aid criminal investigations by collecting and analyzing evidence. Many technicians specialize in various types of laboratory analysis.

Geoscientists

Geoscientists study the physical aspects of the Earth, such as its composition, structure, and processes, to learn about its past, present, and future.

High School Teachers

High school teachers help prepare students for life after graduation. They teach academic lessons and various skills that students will need to attend college and to enter the job market.

Materials Engineers

Materials engineers develop, process, and test materials used to create a wide range of products, from computer chips and aircraft wings to golf clubs and biomedical devices. They study the properties and structures of metals, ceramics, plastics, composites, nanomaterials (extremely small substances), and other substances in order to create new materials that meet certain mechanical, electrical, and chemical requirements.

Natural Sciences Managers

Natural sciences managers supervise the work of scientists, including chemists, physicists, and biologists. They direct activities related to research and development, and coordinate activities such as testing, quality control, and production.

Postsecondary Teachers

Postsecondary teachers instruct students in a wide variety of academic and technical subjects beyond the high school level. They may also conduct research and publish scholarly papers and books.